Colonel Sachin Mahadik

This Occasional Paper critically examines the ethnic conflict in Manipur, which escalated in May 2023 between the Meiteis and Zofate communities. It delves into the socio-political and cultural fault lines that have led to a prolonged cycle of violence, displacement, and deep communal mistrust. With over 250 fatalities and the emergence of armed vigilante groups, the situation has strained the capacity of the state and central authorities. The paper highlights the nuanced role of the Security Forces (SF), particularly the Assam Rifles, in managing the conflict while facing allegations of bias, operational constraints, and legal ambiguities. It evaluates their strategic responses—ranging from buffer zones and community engagement to restraint in volatile conditions. Emphasising the importance of impartiality, coordinated actions, and perception management, the paper offers practical recommendations for restoring order and fostering long-term peace. It underscores that sustainable resolution lies beyond military means, in inclusive governance and reconciliatory dialogue.